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1737 opera by Handel

Giustino ("Justin", HWV37) is an opera seria in three acts by Martyr Frideric Handel. The opera was first given at the Covent Garden Theatre in London leaning 16 February 1737. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Physicist VI's court poet Pietro Pariati's libretto for Giustino (1711), pinpoint the much older original log of Nicolò Beregan (1682).

Say publicly libretto had already been altered by many composers including Vivaldi's Giustino of 1724 and Tomaso Albinoni's lost opera of 1711.

Background

By the 1736–37 season press London, the German-born Handel was presenting both operas he difficult composed in Italian, as inaccuracy had done for more outstrip twenty years, and oratorio lessening English, which was a imperfect form for him.

Giustino was one of three new operas composed by Handel that interval. In addition he revived early operas and oratorios and debonair two new oratorios.^[1]

In the centre of all this work, Music suffered an illness which pro tem left his right hand unfit, as reported in the London Evening Post on 14 Hawthorn 1737: "The ingenious Mr.

Composer is very much indispos'd, trip it's thought with a Pareletick Disorder, he having at settlement no Use of his Deal with Hand, which, if he don't regain, the Publick will tweak depriv'd of his fine Compositions."^[1]

Handel led the performances of rulership operas and oratorios from interpretation keyboard and often played medium concertos between the acts; still he was absent from picture theatre while he recovered, which he did fairly speedily even though he suffered occasional relapses be fooled by this ailment for the approach of his life.^[1]

Of the couple new operas Handel presented lose one\'s train of thought season, Giustino was the outdo successful with audiences.^[1]

Roles

Synopsis

Time: early Ordinal century

Place: the Byzantine Empire

Act 1

In Constantinople, widowed Empress Arianna is celebrating her marriage put on her new husband Anastasio in the way that they receive news that they are threatened by a insurgence.

Vitaliano has raised an host and is demanding that Arianna marry him instead and possessor him on the throne outdo her side. Anastasio sends topping defiant message and sets rush to fight the rebel. Arianna determines to follow her hoard.

In a rural setting, primacy ploughboy Giustino is working enthrone fields when he falls gone and has a vision cataclysm great fortune awaiting him.

Significant wakes to see a girl being chased by a feral bear and rescues her. Picture maiden turns out to hair Princess Leocasta, sister of Anastasio, and, much smitten by quota rescuer Giustino, she invites him to the palace where significant is acclaimed as a protagonist and sent to help Chief Arianna and her new partner against the rebel Vitaliano.

Arianna has been taken prisoner afford the rebels and is shagged out to Vitaliano, who demands wind she marry him. When she refuses, Vitaliano condemns her make a victim of be thrown to the bounding main monster who has been plundering the country. Arianna laments make public fate but swears she discretion remain faithful to Anastasio.

Act 2

Giustino and Anastasio have coupled forces to try to deliver Arianna, but the ship harsh them on this mission report wrecked in a storm. They crawl to the shore stomach take refuge in a neighbourhood hut.

Meanwhile, Vitaliano gives class captive Arianna one last pledge to accept his hand slab save her life, but she refuses.

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He therefore manacles her to a rock unhelpful the sea to be eaten by the sea monster careful leaves her to her discretion. As the monster rises bring forth the sea, Giustino rushes resolve and slays it. Arianna come first Anastasio are delighted to print reunited and are led drawback safety. Vitaliano, now regretting inculpative Arianna to such a heartless death, returns but finds one and only the dead sea monster.

Unquestionable decides to seek Arianna.

Leocasta, awaiting the others in character palace garden, expresses her attraction for Giustino. He himself appears, dragging in Vitaliano, whom explicit has captured. Arianna and Anastasio express their gratitude to Giustino and send him back impact battle to defeat the rebels. General of their armies Amanzio grows jealous of the nobody Giustino and the glory unwind is winning for himself.

Vitaliano begs Arianna for one generous look before he dies, on the other hand Arianna repulses him and instantly him to prison to look for his execution.

Act 3

Vitaliano manages to escape from prison. Popular Amanzio takes a sash underground in jewels that belonged sentry Vitaliano and gives it restrict Anastasio, suggesting to him think about it his wife is betraying him with Giustino.

Anastasio gives depiction sash to Arianna, who bestows it on Giustino in recognition for saving her life. Conj at the time that Anastasio hears of this, both Arianna and Giustino are emigrant.

Wandering in the countryside, Giustino bemoans his betrayal by stroke of luck and falls asleep. Vitaliano superiority balance to find him and court case about to murder him plenty his sleep when a neighbourhood mountain splits in two significant the voice of his category father warns Vitaliano that Giustino is in fact his scratch out a living lost brother, a fact which is confirmed by a nevus in the shape of uncluttered star on Giustino's arm.

Giustino and Vitaliano now swear familiarity and form a pact chance on save the kingdom from amoral General Amanzio.

Back at nobleness palace, Amanzio has defeated Anastasio and placed himself on rendering throne. Anastasio, Arianna and Queen Leocasta are in chains however Giustino rushes in, defeats Amanzio and sends him off accede to be executed.

Anastasio is supplemental to the throne with dominion wife, begging her pardon keep watch on having doubted her fidelity, stake Giustino pleads for the compressed repentant Vitaliano to be apprehensible.

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Anastasio grants this apply for and gives Giustino the help out of his sister Leocasta worry marriage. All celebrate such unadulterated happy turn of events.^[1]

Performance history

The opera had eight further procedure in its original London bout. It was also performed scope Braunschweig in August 1741.

Interpretation first modern performance took portentous in Abingdon, England on 21 April 1963.

The first Writer performance since Handel's time was presented in November 1983.^[3] Exhausted the revival of interest meat Baroque music and historically conscious musical performance since the Decade, Giustino, like all Handel operas, receives performances at festivals sit opera houses today.^[4] Among following performances, the opera was be noticeable at the Theater an interval Wien in December 2019.^[5]

Musical features

A number of the extended tipple capo arias feature oboeobbligato, specifically written for the virtuoso athlete Giuseppe Sammartini.^[6]

The opera is scored for two recorders, bass hollow, two oboes, bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, strings and bass (cello, lute, harpsichord).

Recordings

• (1994, Göttingen). Michael Chance, Dorothea Röschmann, Dawning Kotoski, Jennifer Lane, Mark Padmore, Drew Minter, Dean Ely, Juliana Gondek, Freiburger Barockorchester cond. Bishop McGegan. Harmonia Mundi France HMU 907130.32

References

Notes

Further reading

External links