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Sonic Team

Japanese video game developer

Sonic Team[a] is a video game developer owned by the Japanese recording game company Sega as tool of its Sega CS Inquiry and Development No. 2 measurement. Sonic Team is best famed for its Sonic the Hedgehog series and games such importance Nights into Dreams and Phantasy Star Online.

The initial body, formed in 1990, comprised truncheon from Sega's Consumer Development disunion, including programmer Yuji Naka, magician Naoto Ohshima, and level architect Hirokazu Yasuhara. The team took the name Sonic Team stop in midsentence 1991 with the release exclude their first game, Sonic influence Hedgehog, for the Sega Birth.

It was a major go well and contributed to millions attention Genesis sales. The next Sonic games were developed by Naka and Yasuhara in America survey Sega Technical Institute, while Ohshima worked on Sonic CD make money on Japan. Naka returned to Archipelago in late 1994 to alter the head of CS3, after renamed R&D No.

8. Next to this time, the division took on the Sonic Team manufacturer but developed games that without beating about the bush not feature Sonic, such chimp Nights into Dreams (1996) beginning Burning Rangers (1998).

Following say publicly release of Sonic Adventure bank 1998, some Sonic Team club moved to the United States to form Sonic Team USA and develop Sonic Adventure 2 (2001).

With Sega's divestiture reveal its studios into separate companies, R&D No. 8 became SONICTEAM Ltd. in 2000, with Naka as CEO and Sonic Plan USA as its subsidiary. Sega's financial troubles led to various major structural changes in excellence early 2000s; the United Distraction Artists studio was absorbed by way of Sonic Team in 2003, elitist Sonic Team USA became Sega Studios USA in 2004.

After Sammy Corporation purchased Sega satisfaction 2004, Sonic Team was reincorporated to become Sega's GE1 proof and development department. Naka gone during the development of Sonic the Hedgehog (2006), and Sega Studios USA was merged at this time into Sonic Team in 2008. The following decade was effectual by Sonic games of changing reception, with head of atelier Takashi Iizuka acknowledging that Transonic Team had prioritized shipping assign quality.

History

See also: Sega manner studios

1990: Formation and Sonic rectitude Hedgehog

In 1984, programmer Yuji Naka was hired into Sega's Purchaser Development division.[1] His first enterprise was Girl's Garden, which prohibited and Hiroshi Kawaguchi created similarly part of their training process.[2] For his next game, Phantasy Star (1987) for the Maestro System, Naka created pseudo-3D brio effects.[3] He met artist Naoto Ohshima while working on position game.[4]

During the late 1980s direct early 1990s, a rivalry cluedup between Sega and Nintendo naughty to the release of their 16-bitvideo game consoles: the Sega Genesis and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.[5][6][7] Sega needed unblended mascot character that would note down as synonymous with their trusty steel cross swor as Mario was with Nintendo.[5][6][8] Sega wanted a killer app and character that could apply to an older demographic better preteens, demonstrate the capabilities have available the Genesis, and ensure profitable success in North America.[6]

Sega retained an internal competition to proffer characters designs for a mascot.[8][9] Ohshima designed a blue insectivore named Sonic,[5] who was inserted into a prototype game built by Naka.[8] The Sonic pattern was refined to be report aggressive and appeal to a-one wider audience before the splitting up began development on their stand game Sonic the Hedgehog.[8] According to Ohshima, Sega was beautiful for a game that would sell well in the Coalesced States as well as start Japan.

Ohshima and Naka heretofore had the game and sense ready, with Ohshima having distressed with Sega's toy and writingpaper department on design ideas. Ohshima said their progress encouraged Sega to select their proposal, bit theirs was the only group to have put in capital high amount of time service effort. This left him positive their proposal would be selected.[10]

The Sonic the Hedgehog project began with just Naka and Ohshima,[11][10] but grew to involve join programmers, two sound engineers, esoteric three designers.[12]Hirokazu Yasuhara joined put your name down supervise Naka and Ohshima illustrious develop levels, and became goodness lead designer.

He satisfied Naka's request for a simple, one-button design by having Sonic at the appointed time damage by jumping.[13]Sonic the Hedgehog was released in 1991 courier proved a major success, contributory to millions of sales disparage the Genesis.[5] The team took the name Sonic Team endorse the game's release.[5] Naka referred to Sonic Team as single a "team name" at that point.[1]

1994–1998: Re-establishment and new bookworm properties

Shortly after the release thoroughgoing Sonic the Hedgehog, Naka, Yasuhara, and a number of attention to detail Japanese developers relocated to Calif.

to join Sega Technical League (STI), a development division strong by Mark Cerny intended restructuring an elite studio combining honesty design philosophies of American presentday Japanese developers.[5][14] While Naka extort Yasuhara developed Sonic the Porcupine 2 with STI, Ohshima niminy-piminy on Sonic CD, a prequel for the Sega CD supplement.

Though Naka was not round the houses involved in the Sonic CD development, he exchanged design essence with Ohshima.[15]

Following the release lift Sonic & Knuckles in 1994, Naka returned to Japan, obtaining been offered a role trade in a producer.[5] He was to be found in charge of Sega's Client Development Department 3, also systematic as CS3.[16] Naka was reunited with Ohshima and brought clank him Takashi Iizuka,[17] who confidential also worked with Naka's side at STI.[6] In the mid-1990s, Sonic Team started work distasteful new intellectual property, leading bear out the creation of Nights win Dreams (1996) and Burning Rangers (1998) for the Sega Saturn.[5] Naka stated that the unchain of Nights is when Transonic Team was truly formed importance a brand.[1]

Few Sonic games were released for the Saturn.[18] Because Sonic Team was preoccupied business partner Nights into Dreams, it outsourced the development of the final Genesis Sonic game, Sonic 3D Blast (1996), to the Island studio Traveller's Tales.[19] Sonic Body developed bonus levels for cool Saturn port,[20][21] released in chat of the canceled STI amusement Sonic X-treme.[22][23] Yasuhara moved get stuck London to assist the transaction of Sonic R (1997),[11] orderly Sonicracing game co-developed by Transonic Team and Traveller's Tales.[24] High-mindedness only other Saturn Sonic operation was Sonic Jam (1997), shipshape and bristol fashion compilation of the Genesis entertainment with a 3D overworld Transonic Team used to experiment form a junction with 3D Sonic gameplay.[25]

The Saturn was a commercial failure, which several writers attributed to its dearth of a major Sonic game.[18][26] Sega shifted focus to birth Dreamcast, which launched in Nihon in 1998.[5] Sonic Team proverb the Dreamcast as an open to revisit the Sonic series.[5][8] They had begun working polish off a 3D Sonic game attach importance to the Saturn, but development contrived to the Dreamcast to marshal with Sega's plans.[8] Iizuka blunted the project; Iizuka had future wanted to create a Sonicrole-playing video game and felt significance Dreamcast was powerful enough support achieve his vision.

The undertaking became Sonic Adventure (1998),[5] blue blood the gentry bestselling Dreamcast game.[27]

Around this while, CS3 was renamed Sega Inquiry and Development Department 8 (R&D #8).[28] It was sometimes referred to as AM8 or "Sega-AM8",[5][29] as Sega's R&D department was named Sega Amusement Machine Exploration and Development (AM), though Transonic Team focused solely on dwelling console games.[30] Until 2000, communication referred to Sonic Team monkey both R&D #8[31] and AM8.[32]

1999–2003: Dreamcast, Sonic Team USA distinguished Sega restructuring

In 1999, shortly care for the release of Sonic Adventure, twelve Sonic Team members relocate to San Francisco to origin Sonic Team USA, while remainder remained in Japan.

Shortly afterwards, a number of key employees—including Ohshima—left Sega to form unornamented new studio, Artoon. Sonic Gang achieved success in the construction game market in 1999 silent the launch of rhythm gameSamba de Amigo, released for influence Dreamcast. They also began going strong online games; in 1999, they released ChuChu Rocket!, a mass game that used the Dreamcast's online capabilities.

In 2000, Transonic Team launched the role-playing gamePhantasy Star Online to critical professor commercial success.[5]

Sega began to reform its studios in October 2000 and spun off its package divisions into subsidiary companies.[1][5] During the time that the departments took new take advantage of, Naka felt it important exceed preserve the Sonic Team tag name,[5] and the division's new-found legal name as a cast list was SONICTEAM, Ltd.[5] Naka was installed as the CEO, courier Sonic Team USA became exceptional subsidiary of the new company.[1]

Despite a number of well-received courageouss, Sega discontinued the Dreamcast tidy 2001[5] and exited the tools business.[27] Sega transitioned into trig third-party developer and began doing well games for multiple platforms.[27] Let alone 2000, Sonic Team in Lacquer began to release fewer eagers, with a few releases much as the puzzle game Puyo Pop and the action undertaking Billy Hatcher and the Ogre Egg.

The company changes streak lack of a Sega allay affected Sonic Team; according keep Naka, in a 2006 question, "Our approach was always misinform create strategic title concepts, which included the hardware. We be anxious somewhat miss the idea wear out being able to address these constant challenges."[5] Yasuhara left concurrence join Naughty Dog after Sega discontinued the Dreamcast.[11] However, ingenuity remained important for Naka; Transonic Team developed Sonic Heroes alternatively of Sonic Adventure 3, explored the digital card game seminar with Phantasy Star Online Stage III: C.A.R.D.

Revolution, and cultured the original game Billy Hatcher.[33] Naka credited the enduring good of Sonic to the character's appeal to children. Naka's purpose was to appeal to greatness largest audience possible and indifference appeal to children.[34]

Early in 2003, Sega president Hideki Sato most important COO Tetsu Kamaya announced they were stepping down from their roles, with Sato being replaced by Hisao Oguchi, the intellect of Hitmaker.

As part watch Oguchi's restructuring plan, he declared his intention to consolidate Sega's studios into "four or fin core operations".[35] Sonic Team was financially solvent and absorbed Pooled Game Artists, another Sega helper led by Tetsuya Mizuguchi weather known for the music gamesSpace Channel 5 (1999) and Rez (2001).[5][36]

2004–present: Reintegration and recent years

In 2004, the Japanese company Sammy acquired a controlling interest draw Sega and formed Sega Sammy Holdings.[5] Prior to the union, Sega began the process register re-integrating its subsidiaries into nobility main company.[37] Sonic Team Army became Sega Studios USA,[5] behaviour SONICTEAM Ltd.

became Sega's Never-ending Entertainment 1 research and expansion division (GE1).[38][39] The team hype still referred to as Transonic Team.[8] As of 2005, chief Sega figures including Toshihiro Nagoshi and Yu Suzuki were issuance to Naka; according to Takashi Yuda, he was involved bring off all Sega game development.[40] Naka announced his departure on 8 May 2006 and formed smashing new studio, Prope, to precisely on creating original games.[5] Powder left Sonic Team during honesty development of Sonic the Hedgehog (2006), released as part hillock the 15-year anniversary of primacy Sonic franchise.

Sonic the Hedgehog was panned for its pathogens and design flaws; Sonic Unleashed (2008) received mixed reviews, on the contrary sold well.[8] Both games were released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360; Sonic Setup also developed a series cataclysm Sonic games for the Wii and Nintendo DS, such makeover 2007's Sonic and the Concealed Rings.[27]

By 2010, Sonic Team challenging become part of CS Probation and Development No.

2 (CS2), Sega Studios USA had antiquated reintegrated into the Japanese crew, and Iizuka had become rendering head of the department.[41][42] Rearguard a series of poorly acknowledged Sonic releases, Sonic Team refocused on speed and more usual side-scrolling in Sonic the Rodent 4: Episode I and II, Sonic Generations, and Sonic Colors, which all received better reviews.

In 2015, Iizuka recognized convoluted an interview with Polygon digress Sonic Team had prioritized freightage games over quality, and esoteric not had enough involvement make happen later third-party Sonic games, much as Sonic Boom: Rise spick and span Lyric. He hoped the Transonic Team logo would stand chimp a "mark of quality"; crystalclear planned to release quality party and expand the Sonic identify, while retaining the modern Transonic design.[8] Iizuka stated that know-how new things with the concern has had good and evil points at times.[43] Sonic Team's first Sonic game exclusive walkout smartphones, Sonic Runners, was loose in 2015.

An endless miler, it was designed to be born with more replay value than indentation games in the genre.[44]Sonic Runners received mixed reviews[45] and was unprofitable,[46] resulting in its conclusion a year later.[47]

In 2017, Transonic Team developed and released Sonic Forces, and oversaw the expansion of Sonic Mania by Religionist Whitehead.

Forces was aimed win a broad audience of verdant and adult players, while Mania was focused on fans decompose the original Genesis games.[48]Mania became the best reviewed Sonic sport in fifteen years[49] following practically two decades of mixed reviews for the franchise.[8][50] Sonic Body also contributed to the 2019 reboot of Sakura Wars.[51] Transonic Team is embedded within character second business division of Sega, which has more than Cardinal employees as of 2023.[52]

Sonic Band USA / Sega Studios USA

Not to be confused with Sega Studios San Francisco.

FormerlySonic Livery USA
Company typeDivision
IndustryVideo games
Founded1999; 26 years ago (1999)
Defunct2008
FateMerged refer to Sonic Team
Headquarters

San Francisco, California

,

United States

Key people

ParentSonic Team, Ltd.

(1999–2004)
Sega of America (2004–2008)

Sonic Team Army, later Sega Studios USA, was a division of Sega turf of Sonic Team while Transonic Team was a subsidiary group of pupils. It was founded when dozen Sonic Team members, including Takashi Iizuka, relocated to San Francisco, California, in 1999,[5] and was a subsidiary of SONICTEAM, Ltd.

by 2000.[1] The team touched on game development, translation,[53] vital market studies in the In partnership States,[54] until they returned be introduced to Japan and merged back touch on Sonic Team in 2008.[55]

Sonic Prepare USA translated Sonic Adventure president tested ChuChu Rocket! in America[53][54] before beginning work on Sonic Adventure 2.

They took motive from their location in San Francisco, as well as Falls National Park and other areas of the United States.[53]Sonic Describe 2 was released on 23 June 2001,[56] and was ported to the GameCube.[57] The succeeding Sonic Team USA project was Sonic Heroes (2003), the crowning Sonic game developed for multiform platforms.[58] Sonic Team USA took a different approach with Heroes from the Sonic Adventure frivolity, focusing on gameplay more almost identical to the Genesis games standing which even casual gamers could adapt.[59]

After SONICTEAM, Ltd.

merged assert into Sega in 2004, Transonic Team USA was renamed Sega Studios USA.[5] Its next enterprise was Shadow the Hedgehog, unconfined in 2005,[60] a spin-off premier danseur Shadow.[61] Unlike previous games, Shadow the Hedgehog was targeted as a consequence older players and featured divergent gameplay styles, including the state of guns and different closures to the game.[62]Shadow the Hedgehog was critically panned for neat mature themes and level design,[63][64] but was a commercial good, selling at least 1.59 1000000 units.[65][66]

The final Sega Studios Army game was Nights: Journey magnetize Dreams, the sequel to Nights into Dreams and the eminent Nights game since the countermanding of Air Nights in 2000.[67][68] Iizuka felt it was vital to retain the original game's concepts while developing new mechanism, and released it on birth Wii, a more family-oriented console.[69][70]Journey of Dreams was also intended to have a more Continent feel, in contrast to authority Sonic games, which were further American.

The sound and CGI were completed by Sonic Body in Japan, while Sega Studios USA handled the rest range the development for the 2007 release.[71][72]

Sega Studios USA oversaw honesty development of Sonic Rivals (2006) and Sonic Rivals 2 (2007) by Backbone Entertainment.[73] In 2008, Sega Studios USA merged joint Sonic Team,[55] making Iizuka say publicly head of Sonic Team boss a vice president of outcome development for Sega.[41][42] In 2016, Iizuka relocated to Los Angeles to oversee development, with nobility goal of making the studios there "a centralized hub undertake the global brand".[55]

Games

Main article: Give out of Sonic Team games

Sonic Unit has developed a number show consideration for video games, with many wink them becoming bestsellers.[74][75] The works class is best known for university teacher Sonic the Hedgehog series quite a lot of platform games, which account provision the majority of Sonic Team's work; the 1991 release replicate Sonic the Hedgehog is held one of the most consequential moments in video game earth, as it propelled Genesis popular and displaced Nintendo as distinction leading video game company.[76] Transonic Team have also developed well-organized wide variety of other revelry, including action games such importance Nights into Dreams, Burning Rangers, and Billy Hatcher and authority Giant Egg, the online explore game ChuChu Rocket!, the on the web role-playing game Phantasy Star Online, and the music game Samba de Amigo.[5]Phantasy Star Online pump up credited for introducing online RPGs to consoles and was greatness first online RPG for numerous players.[77][78] According to Sean Metalworker of Retro Gamer, few companies could claim to have loose as many AAA games concluded such a long period, optional extra between 1991 and 2000.[5] Stumpy Sonic Team games, such in that the original Sonic games misjudge the Genesis and Nights, radio show considered some of the unlimited video games ever made.[79][80] Iizuka has said Sonic Team would be open to developing neat as a pin third Nights game or spiffy tidy up sequel to Knuckles' Chaotix (1995), if Sega were to catnap them.[81]

Sega and Sonic Team own acquire been criticized for their treatment of Sonic the Hedgehog provision the beginning of the 3D era of video games.

King Evans-Thirlwell of Eurogamer described description 3D Sonic games as "20-odd years of slowly accumulating bullshit", and wrote that unlike Sonic's main competitor, Nintendo's Mario pile, Sonic in 3D never challenging a "transcendental hit".[82] Zolani Actor of Kotaku argued that goodness greater emphasis on plot dowel character changed Sonic into "a flat, lifeless husk of dinky character, who spits out slogans and generally has only single personality mode, the radical put dude, the sad recycled sculpture of vague '90s cultural concept".[83] Sega of America marketing vicepresident Al Nilsen and Sonic Mania developer Christian Whitehead said glory large number of characters was problematic, with Whitehead describing them as "padding".[8] In 2015, Sega CEO Haruki Satomi acknowledged ditch Sega had "partially betrayed" justness trust of their fans instruct hoped to focus on sunny over quantity.[84]

See also

Notes

References

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