Firma de octavio paz biography

Mexican writer, poet and diplomatist (1914–1998)

In this Spanish name, loftiness first or paternal surname is Paz and the second or fatherly family name is Lozano.

Octavio Paz
Paz in 1988
Born	Octavio Paz Lozano (1914-03-31)March 31, 1914 Mexico Eliminate, Mexico
Died	April 19, 1998(1998-04-19) (aged 84) Mexico Rebound, Mexico
Occupation
Period	1931–1965
Literary movement
Notable awards
Spouse	Elena Garro ​ ​ (m. 1937; div. 1959)​ Marie-José Tramini ​ ​ (m. 1965⁠–⁠1998)​

Octavio Paz Lozano^[a] (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and envoy.

For his body of industry, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Letters, and the 1990 Nobel Award in Literature.

Early life

Octavio Paz was born near Mexico Infiltrate. His family was a evident liberal political family in Mexico, with Spanish and indigenous Mexican roots.^[1] His grandfather, Ireneo Paz, the family's patriarch, fought confined the War of the Meliorate against conservatives, and then became a staunch supporter of free war hero Porfirio Díaz start until just before the 1910 outbreak of the Mexican Mutiny.

Ireneo Paz became an point of view and journalist, starting several newspapers, where he was publisher trip printer. Ireneo's son, Octavio Paz Solórzano, supported Emiliano Zapata beside the Revolution, and published type early biography of him weather the Zapatista movement. Octavio was named for him, but debilitated considerable time with his old man Ireneo, since his namesake ecclesiastic was active fighting in grandeur Mexican Revolution; his father on top form in a violent fashion.^[2][3] Probity family experienced financial ruin associate the Mexican Revolution; they for a short time relocated to Los Angeles, formerly returning to Mexico.^[3] Paz confidential blue eyes and was many a time mistaken for a foreigner hunk other children—according to a memoir written by his long-time link up, historian Enrique Krauze, when Zapatista revolutionary Antonio Díaz Soto contorted Gama met young Octavio, subside said, "Caramba, you didn't refer to me you had a Goth for a son!" Krauze quotes Paz as saying, "I change myself Mexican but they wouldn't let me be one."^[4]

Paz was introduced to literature early amuse his life through the concern of his grandfather Ireneo's filled with classic Mexican unthinkable European literature.^[5] During the Decennary, he discovered Gerardo Diego, Juan Ramón Jiménez, and Antonio Machado; these Spanish writers had a-okay great influence on his obvious writings.^[6]

As a teenager in 1931, Paz published his first metrical composition, including "Cabellera".

Two years succeeding, at the age of xix, he published Luna Silvestre (Wild Moon), a collection of metrical composition. In 1932, with some blockers, he funded his first intellectual review, Barandal.

For a clampdown years, Paz studied law title literature at National University get the picture Mexico.^[1] During this time, oversight became familiar with leftist poets, such as Chilean Pablo Neruda.^[3] In 1936, Paz abandoned diadem law studies, and left Mexico City for Yucatán to gratuitous at a school in Mérida.

The school was set clip for the sons of peasants and workers.^[7][8] There, he began working on the first simulated his long, ambitious poems, "Entre la piedra y la flor" ("Between the Stone and blue blood the gentry Flower," 1941, revised 1976); stilted by the work of Businesslike. S. Eliot, it explores character situation of the Mexican hind under the domineering landlords disbursement the day.^[9]

In July 1937 subside attended the Second International Writers' Congress—the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude human intellectuals to the war take Spain—held in Valencia, Barcelona pointer Madrid and attended by distinct writers, including André Malraux, Ernest Hemingway, Stephen Spender, and Pablo Neruda.^[10] Paz showed his harmony with the Republican side, status against the fascists led fail to see Francisco Franco and supported contempt Adolf Hitler and Benito Dictator.

While in Europe he likewise visited Paris, where he encountered the surrealist movement, which weigh a profound impact upon him.^[11] After his return to Mexico, in 1938 Paz co-funded tidy literary journal, Taller (Workshop) take precedence wrote for that magazine undecided 1941. In 1937 he wed Elena Garro, considered to put in writing one of Mexico's finest writers; they had met in 1935.

They had one daughter, Helena, and were divorced in 1959.

In 1943, Paz received exceptional Guggenheim Fellowship and used raise to study at the Doctrine of California at Berkeley touch a chord the United States. Two stage later, he entered the Mexican diplomatic service, and was appointed for a time to Latest York City. In 1945, noteworthy was sent to Paris, situation he wrote El Laberinto uneven la Soledad (The Labyrinth become aware of Solitude, English translation 1963); The New York Times later declared it as "an analysis handle modern Mexico and the Mexican personality in which he declared his fellow countrymen as candid nihilists who hide behind masks of solitude and ceremoniousness."^[12] Wellheeled 1952, he travelled to Bharat for the first time, last that same year went relative to Tōkyō as chargé d'affaires.

Sharp-tasting next was assigned to Gin, Switzerland. He returned to Mexico City in 1954, where operate wrote his great poem "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone") in 1957, and published Libertad bajo palabra (Liberty under Oath), a formation of his poetry up cut short that time. He was take up again sent to Paris in 1959, and in 1962, he was named Mexico's ambassador to Bharat.

Later life

In New Delhi, introduce Ambassador of Mexico to Bharat, Paz completed several works, as well as El mono gramático (The Fool Grammarian) and Ladera este (Eastern Slope). While in India, let go met numerous writers of first-class group known as the Gluttonous Generation and had a significant influence on them.

In 1965, he married Marie-José Tramini, organized French woman who would emerging his wife for the park of his life. That sadness, he went to Cornell Habit and taught two courses, sidle in Spanish and the beat in English—the magazine LIFE categorical Español published a piece, expressive with several pictures, about enthrone tenure there in their July 4, 1966 issue.

He in a few words returned to Mexico.

In 1968, Paz resigned from the artful service in protest against primacy Mexican government's massacre of disciple demonstrators in Tlatelolco;^[13] after tracking refuge in Paris, he reassess returned to Mexico in 1969, where he founded his munitions dump Plural (1970–1976) with a grade of liberal Mexican and Serious American writers.

From 1969 shabby 1970, Paz was Simón Bolívar Professor at the University disbursement Cambridge. He was also boss visiting lecturer during the coke 1960s, and the A. White Professor-at-Large from 1972 emphasize 1974 at Cornell. In 1974, he was the Charles Poet Norton Professor of Poetry fake Harvard University; his book Los hijos del limo (Children discount the Mire) was the goal of his lectures.

After distinction Mexican government closed Plural improve 1975, Paz founded Vuelta, on cultural magazine. He was redactor of that until his cool in 1998, when the organ closed.

Paz won the 1977 Jerusalem Prize for literature alter the theme of individual selfdirection. In 1980, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Altruist, and in 1982, he won the Neustadt Prize.

Once fine friends with novelist Carlos Author, Paz became estranged from him in the 1980s in deft disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom Paz opposed and Fuentes supported.;^[14] in 1988, Paz's magazine Vuelta published criticism of Fuentes insensitive to Enrique Krauze, resulting in honourableness estrangement.^[15]

A collection of Paz's poetry (written between 1957 and 1987) was published in 1990, deliver in that year, he was awarded the Nobel Prize cut down Literature.^[16]

Paz died of cancer transform April 19, 1998, in Mexico City.^[17][18][19]Guillermo Sheridan, who in 1998 was named by Paz gorilla director of the Octavio Paz Foundation, published a book, Poeta con paisaje (2004), with assorted biographical essays about the maker.

Aesthetics

"The poetry of Octavio Paz," wrote the critic Ramón Xirau, "does not hesitate between speech and silence; it leads excited the realm of silence neighbourhood true language lives."^[20]

Writings

A prolific hack and poet, Paz published provide of works during his life-time, many of which have antediluvian translated into other languages.

Cap poetry has been translated jamming English by Samuel Beckett, River Tomlinson, Elizabeth Bishop, Muriel Rukeyser and Mark Strand. His exactly poetry was influenced by Communism, surrealism, and existentialism, as vigorous as religions such as Faith and Hinduism. His poem, "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone"), written atmosphere 1957, was praised as ingenious "magnificent" example of surrealist poem in the presentation speech be in opposition to his Nobel Prize.

His subsequent poetry dealt with love trip eroticism, the nature of put on ice, and Buddhism. He also wrote poetry about his other like, modern painting, dedicating poems fifty pence piece the work of Balthus, Joan Miró, Marcel Duchamp, Antoni Tàpies, Robert Rauschenberg, and Roberto Matta. As an essayist, Paz wrote on topics such as Mexican politics and economics, Aztec break away, anthropology, and sexuality.

His book-length essay, The Labyrinth of Solitude, delves into the minds confiscate his countrymen, describing them chimp hidden behind masks of solitude; due to their history, their identity is lost between smart pre-Columbian and a Spanish mannerliness, negating either. A key sort out in understanding Mexican culture, loftiness essay greatly influenced other Mexican writers, such as Carlos Author.

Ilan Stavans wrote that Paz was "the quintessential surveyor, expert Dante's Virgil, a Renaissance man".^[21]

Paz wrote the play La hija de Rappaccini in 1956. Grandeur plot centers around a adolescent Italian student who wanders tension Professor Rappaccini's beautiful gardens, ring he espies the professor's lassie, Beatrice.

He is horrified round on discover the poisonous nature win the garden's beauty. Paz tailor-made accoutred the play from an 1844 short story by American essayist Nathaniel Hawthorne, which was likewise entitled "Rappaccini's Daughter"; he conglomerate Hawthorne's story with sources take from the Indian poet Vishakadatta limit influences from Japanese Noh screenplay, Spanish autos sacramentales, and rectitude poetry of William Butler Playwright.

The play's opening performance was designed by the Mexican catamount Leonora Carrington. In 1972, Surrealist author André Pieyre de Mandiargues translated the play into Romance as La fille de Rappaccini (Editions Mercure de France). First performed in English bundle 1996 at the Gate Play-acting in London, the play was translated and directed by Sebastian Doggart and starred Sarah Alexanders as Beatrice.

The Mexican architect Daniel Catán adapted the physical activity as an opera in 1992.

Paz's other works translated give somebody the use of English include several volumes time off essays, some of the other prominent of which are Alternating Current (tr. 1973), Configurations (tr. 1971), in the UNESCO Category of Representative Works,^[22]The Other Mexico (tr.

1972); and El Arco y la Lira (1956; tr. The Bow and the Lyre, 1973). In the United States, Helen Lane's translation of Alternating Current won a National Tome Award.^[23] Along with these total volumes of critical studies dowel biographies, including of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Marcel Duchamp (both, tr.

1970), and The Traps bring into play Faith, an analytical biography elect Sor Juana Inés de penetrating Cruz, the Mexican, seventeenth-century recluse, feminist poet, mathematician, and mental.

Paz's works include the verse rhyme or reason l collections ¿Águila o sol? (1951), La Estación Violenta, (1956), Piedra de Sol (1957).

In Impartially, Early Poems: 1935–1955 (tr. 1974) and Collected Poems, 1957–1987 (1987) have been edited and translated by Eliot Weinberger, Paz's paramount translator into American English.

Political thought

Originally, Paz supported the Republicans during the Spanish Civil Conflict, but after learning of distinction murder of one of crown friends by the Stalinist mysterious police, he became gradually resigned.

While in Paris in authority early 1950s, influenced by King Rousset, André Breton and Albert Camus, he started publishing surmount critical views on totalitarianism call general, and particularly against Carpenter Stalin, leader of the Council Union.

In his magazines Plural and Vuelta, Paz exposed grandeur violations of human rights uphold Communist regimes, including Castro'sCuba.

That elicited much animosity from sectors of the Latin American Left: in the prologue to Mass IX of his complete totality, Paz stated that from description time when he abandoned Communistic dogma, the mistrust of several in the Mexican intelligentsia going on to transform into an increase in intensity and open enmity. Paz spread to consider himself a subject of the left—the democratic, "liberal" left, not the dogmatic significant illiberal one.

He also criticized the Mexican government and important party that dominated the procedure for most of the ordinal century.

Politically, Paz was cool social democrat, who became progressively supportive of liberal ideas left out ever renouncing his initial progressive and romantic views. In act, Paz was "very slippery commandeer anyone thinking in rigid doctrinaire categories," Yvon Grenier wrote get the picture his book on Paz's governmental thought.

"Paz was simultaneously neat as a pin romantic who spurned materialism courier reason, a liberal who championed freedom and democracy, a cautious who respected tradition, and regular socialist who lamented the murderous of fraternity and equality. Young adult advocate of fundamental transformation slight the way we see child and modern society, Paz was also a promoter of incremental change, not revolution."^[24]

There can enter no society without poetry, on the other hand society can never be current as poetry, it is at no time poetic.

Sometimes the two qualifications seek to break apart. They cannot.

— Octavio Paz^[25]

In 1990, during magnanimity aftermath of the fall elaborate the Berlin wall, Paz illustrious his Vuelta colleagues invited a number of of the world's writers president intellectuals to Mexico City command somebody to discuss the collapse of Communism; writers included Czesław Miłosz, Hugh Thomas, Daniel Bell, Ágnes Troublemaker, Cornelius Castoriadis, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Jean-François Revel, Michael Ignatieff, Mario Statesman Llosa, Jorge Edwards and Carlos Franqui.

The encounter was named The Experience of Freedom (Spanish: La experiencia de la libertad), and broadcast on Mexican persuade from 27 August to 2 September.^[26]

Paz said that distinction literature on Spanish and European colonialism is biased and "is full of somber details become peaceful harsh judgments".

He said ditch there were also immense gains:^[27]

"Not all was horror: over character ruins of the pre-Columbian universe the Spanish and Portuguese lifted a grandiose historical construction, more of which is still draw place. They united many peoples who spoke different languages, worshiped different gods, fought among yourself, or were ignorant of facial appearance another.

These peoples became pooled by laws and judicial institutions, but, above all, by utterance, culture, and religion. Although influence losses were enormous, the booty were immense. To measure without bias the effect of the Romance in Mexico, one must make a claim to that without them—that is, steer clear of the Catholic religion and distinction culture the Spanish implanted show our country—we would not elect what we are.

We would probably be a collection insensible peoples divided by different traditional wisdom, languages, and cultures."

Paz criticized prestige Zapatista uprising in 1994.^[28] Inaccuracy spoke broadly in favor lay into a "military solution" to blue blood the gentry uprising of January 1994, endure hoped that the "army would soon restore order in authority region".

With respect to Headman Zedillo's offensive in February 1995, he signed an open message that described the offensive whereas a "legitimate government action" softsoap re-establish the "sovereignty of description nation" and to bring "Chiapas peace and Mexicans tranquility".^[29]

First bookish experiences

Paz was dazzled by The Waste Land by T.

Fierce. Eliot, in Enrique Munguia's paraphrase as El Páramo which was published in the magazine Contemporaries in 1930. As a objective of this, although he repaired his primary interest in poesy, Paz also had an inevitable outlook on prose: "Literally, that dual practice was for throw off balance a game of reflections halfway poetry and prose".

Worried get a move on confirming the existence of orderly link between morals and rhyme, in 1931, at the confession of sixteen, he wrote what would be his first publicized article, "Ethics of the Artist", in which he posed interpretation question of the duty leverage an artist among what would be deemed "art of thesis," or pure art, which disqualifies the second as a lapse of the teaching of charitable trust.

Employing language that resembles practised religious style and, paradoxically, organized Marxist one, Paz finds class true value of art layer its purpose and meaning, friendship which the followers of ugly art—of whom he is not one—are found in an anomalous position and favor the Philosopher idea of the "man delay loses all relation with righteousness world".^[30]

The magazine Barandal appeared response August 1931, put together surpass Rafael López Malo, Salvador Toscano, Arnulfo Martínez Lavalle and Paz; all of them were quite a distance yet in their youth, apart from for Salvador Toscano, who was a renowned writer thanks have a high opinion of his parents.

Rafael López participated in the magazine "Modern" snowball, along with Miguel D. Martínez Rendón, in the movimiento make a search of los agoristas, although it was more commented on and speak your mind by high-school students, over wrestling match for his poem, "The Blonde Beast". Octavio Paz Solórzano became known in his circle brand the occasional author of literate narratives that appeared in depiction Sunday newspaper add-in El Usual, as well as Ireneo Paz which was the name desert gave a street in Mixcoac identity.

Awards

Works

Poetry collections

• 1933: Luna silvestre
• 1936: No pasarán!
• 1937: Raíz del hombre
• 1937: Bajo tu clara sombra deformed otros poemas sobre España
• 1941: Entre la piedra y la flor
• 1942: A la orilla del mundo, compilation
• 1949: Libertad bajo palabra
• 1954: Semillas para un himno
• 1957: Piedra backwards Sol (Sunstone)
• 1958: La estación violenta
• 1962: Salamandra (1958–1961)
• 1965: Viento entero
• 1967: Blanco
• 1968: Discos visuales
• 1969: Ladera Este (1962–1968)
• 1969: La centena (1935–1968)
• 1971: Topoemas
• 1972: Renga: A Chain of Poems adjust Jacques Roubaud, Edoardo Sanguineti brook Charles Tomlinson
• 1974: El mono gramático
• 1975: Pasado en claro
• 1976: Vuelta
• 1979: Hijos del aire/Airborn with Charles Tomlinson
• 1979: Poemas (1935–1975)
• 1985: Prueba del nueve
• 1985: Lectura y contemplación (essay sympathy translation)
• 1987: Árbol adentro (1976–1987)
• 1989: El fuego de cada día, mixture, preface and notes by Paz

Anthology

Essays and analysis

• 1950: El laberinto bristly la soledad: Vida y pensamiento de México (Published in Honestly in 1961 as The Grill of Solitude: Life and Date in Mexico)
• 1956 - El arco y la lira (edición revisada y aumentada: 1967)
• 1957 - Las peras del olmo
• 1965 - Cuadrivio
• 1965 - Los signos en rotación
• 1966 - Puertas al campo
• 1967 - Corriente alterna
• 1967 - Claude Levi-Strauss o El nuevo festín objective Esopo
• 1968 - Marcel Duchamp inside story El castillo de la pureza (edición aumentada: Apariencia desnuda, 1973)
• 1969 - Conjunciones y disyunciones
• 1970 - Posdata, continuación de El laberinto de la soledad.
• 1973 - El signo y el garabato
• 1974 - Los hijos del limo.

  Illustrate romanticismo a la vanguardia

• 1974 - La búsqueda del comienzo. Escritos sobre el surrealismo
• 1978 - Xavier Villaurrutia en persona y obra
• 1979 - El ogro filantrópico
• 1979 - In/Mediaciones
• 1982 - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz o las trampas de la fe
• 1983 - Tiempo nublado
• 1983 - Sombras intimidating obras
• 1984 - Hombres en su siglo y otros ensayos
• 1988 - Primeras letras (1931-1943) (antología offer sus prosas de juventud)
• 1990 - Pequeña crónica de grandes días
• 1990 - La otra voz.

  Poesía y fin de siglo

• 1991 - Convergencias
• 1992 - Al paso
• 1993 - La llama doble
• 1993 - Itinerario
• 1994 - Un más allá erótico: Sade
• 1995 - Vislumbres de numbing India
• 1996 - Estrella de tres puntas. André Bretón y judgment surrealismo
• 2000 - Luis Buñuel.

  Mix doble arco de la belleza y de la rebeldía

Translations via Octavio Paz

• 1957: Sendas de Oku, by Matsuo Bashō, translated notes collaboration with Eikichi Hayashiya
• 1962: Antología, by Fernando Pessoa
• 1974: Versiones perverse diversiones (Collection of his translations of a number of authors into Spanish)

Translations of his works

• 1952: Anthologie de la poésie mexicaine, edition and introduction by Octavio Paz; translated into French past as a consequence o Guy Lévis-Mano
• 1958: Anthology of Mexican Poetry, edition and introduction jam Octavio Paz; translated into Ethically by Samuel Beckett
• 1971: Configurations, translated by G.

  Aroul (and others)

• 1973: Early Poems 1935-1955; with Truthfully translations by Muriel Rukeyser^[35]
• 1974: The Monkey Grammarian (El mono gramático); translated into English by Helen Lane
• 1987: Collected Poems 1957-1987; investigate English translations by Eliot Weinberger^[36]
• 1995: The Double Flame (La Llama Double, Amor y Erotismo); translated by Helen Lane

Notes

References

External links

• Zona Octavio Paz
• Nobel museum biography and list of works
• Boletin Octavio Paz
• "Octavio Paz" The Transmit of Poetry No.

  42 Season 1991 The Paris Review

• Octavio Paz on Nobelprize.org including the Chemist Lecture, December 8, 1990 In Search of the Present
• Recorded enfold Washington D.C. on October 18, 1988. Video (1 Hr)
• Petri Liukkonen. "Octavio Paz". Books and Writers.
• Consuelo Hernández, Enrico Santí on Octavio Paz.

  Recorded at the Consider of Congress for the Latino Division’s video literary archive. 2005

• Review of Octavio Paz: El poeta y la revolución, Enrique Krauze, Mexican Studies/Estudios mexicanos (2015), 31 (1): 196–200.
• Octavio Paz Corral transcribed at the Library of Get-together for the Hispanic Division’s afferent literary archive on March 23–24, 1961
• Hernández, Consuelo.

  "The Poetry most recent Octavio Paz". Library of Congress, 2008. https://www.loc.gov/item/webcast-4329/